LTE is a critical; low-speed aerodynamic flight characteristic which can result in an uncommanded rapid yaw rate which does not subside of its own accord and, if not corrected, can result in the loss of aircraft control.
Chapter 11 of the Helicopter Flying Handbook outlines LTE along with other emergencies. FAA AC 90-95 UNANTICIPATED RIGHT YAW IN HELICOPTERS provides detailed information on LTE and is a useful resource.
The following video provides a good overview of LTE.
The following video is produced from the FAA. It discuss the issues with LTE.
The following video show an actual flight with LTE.